Attributional & Consequential Life Cycle Assessment: Definitions, Conceptual Characteristics and Modelling Restrictions

To assess the potential environmental impact of human/industrial systems, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a very common method. There are two prominent types LCA, namely attributional (ALCA) and consequential (CLCA). A lot literature covers these approaches, but general consensus on what they represent an overview all their differences seems lacking, nor has every feature been fully explored. The main objectives this article are: (1) to argue for select definitions each concept (2) specify conceptual characteristics (including translation into modelling restrictions), re-evaluating going beyond findings in state art. For first objective, mainly because validity interpretation term also matter consensus, we selection present 2011 UNEP-SETAC report. ALCA attributes share world product cycle, while CLCA assesses consequences decision (e.g., increase demand). Regarding second system constitutes processes that linked by physical, energy flows or services. Because requirement additivity ALCA, double-counting check needs be executed, restricted guaranteed through linearity) partitioning multifunctional systematically needed (for evaluation per single product). latter matters hold similar manner assessment, which commonly overlooked. CLCA, completely there no limitation regarding framework should entail, with coverage co-products substitution being just one approach not only additional consumption possible). Both can considered over any time span (past, & future) either using reference environment different scenarios. Furthermore, both could specific average marginal (small) products decisions, further datasets. These sustainability assessment.